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COURSE OUTLINE (SYLLABUS) FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1 – 1ST SEM, AY 2022-2023, WUP COLLEGE OF LAW

by PROF. ALVIN CLARIDADES

COURSE OUTLINE (SYLLABUS) FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1

WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – COLLEGE OF LAW

FIRST SEMESTER, AY 2022-2021

ATTY. ALVIN CLARIDADES

Article I.              CHAPTER I

Article II.            CONSTITUTION IN GENERAL

  1. Constitution defined
    1. Key objective and function of a Constitution
    1. Sources of Constitutions
    1. Classifications of Constitutions
    1. General features of a Constitution
    1. Qualities of a good written Constitution
    1. Vital parts of a written Constitution
    1. Modes of Constitutional interpretation or construction

Article III.          CHAPTER II

Article IV.          CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES

2.1.    Philippine Constitutions

2.2.    The Malolos Constitution

2.3.    The Philippine Organic Act of 1902

2.4.    The Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

2.5.    The 1935 Constitution

2.6.    The 1943 Constitution

2.7.    The 1973 Constitution

2.8.    The 1986 Freedom Constitution

2.9.    The 1987 Constitution

Article V.           CHAPTER III

Article VI.          CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

3.1.    Constitutional Law

3.2.    Kinds of Constitutional Law

3.3.    Fundamental concepts underlying Constitutional Law

3.4.    Constitutionalism

  • Sigre v. CA, GR 109568. Aug. 8, 2002, 387 SCRA 15

3.5.    Republicanism

  • People v. Hernandez, GR 154218. Aug. 28, 2006, 499 SCRA 688
  • Concurring Opinion in Frivaldo v. COMELEC, 327 Phil. 521 (1996)

3.6.    Constitutional supremacy

  • Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156. Feb. 3, 1997, 267 SCRA 408
  • Francisco, Jr. v. House of Representatives, GR 160261, Nov. 10, 2003, 415 SCRA 44, citing Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)

3.7.    Separation of powers

  • Velasco, Jr., Conc. Op., Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investig’ns, GR 180643, Mar. 25, 2008, 549 SCRA 77
  • US v. Ang Tang Ho, GR 17122, Feb. 27, 1922, 43 Phil. 1
  • Carpio, J., Dissenting Opinion in MMDA v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, GR 171947–48, Feb. 15, 2011, 643 SCRA 90

3.8.    Checks and balances

3.9.    Due process of law

  • Ledesma v. CA, GR 166780, Dec. 27, 2007, 541 SCRA 444

3.10.     Judicial review

3.11.     Ancillary concepts in Constitutional Law

  • Blending of powers
  • Impermissible interference with and/or assumption of executive functionsAbakada Guro Party List v. Purisima, GR 166715, Aug. 14, 2008, 562 SCRA 251
  • Congress may still exercise its oversight function
  • Congressional oversight
  • Judicial supremacyAngara v. Electoral Commission, GR 45081. July 15, 1936, 63 Phil. 139
  • Power of judicial review
  • Legal standing or locus standiVelarde v. Social Justice Society, GR 159357. Apr. 28, 2004, 428 SCRA 283Jumamil v. Cafe, GR 144570. Sep. 21, 2005, 470 SCRA 475
  • Actual case or controversyGarcia v. Exec. Secretary, GR 157584. Apr. 2, 2009, 583 SCRA 119
  • Political question doctrineTañada v. Cuenco, GR L-10520. Feb. 28, 1957, 100 Phil. 1101
  • Earliest opportunityArceta v. Mangrobang, GR 152895. June 15, 2004, 432 SCRA 136
  • Lis motaPeople v. Vera., GR 45685. Nov. 16, 1937, 65 Phil. 56Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, GR 152259. July 29, 2004, 435 SCRA 371
  • Expanded scope of judicial power
  • Delegation of powers
  • Delegation of executive powersVillena v. Secretary of the Interior., GR 46570. Apr. 21, 1939, 67 Phil. 451
  • Doctrine of qualified political agencyManalang-Demigillo v. TIDCORP, GR 168613. Mar. 5, 2013, 692 SCRA 359
  • Delegation of legislative power to administrative agencies
  • Carpio v. Exec. Sec., GR 96409, Feb. 14, 1992, 206 SCRA 290
  • US v. Barrias., GR 4349. Sep. 24, 1908, 11 Phil. 327
  • Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. v. POEA, GR L-76633. Oct. 18, 1988, 166 SCRA 533
  • Trade Unions of the Philippines and Allied Services (TUPAS-WFTU) v. Ople, 137 SCRA 108 (1985)
  • Pangasinan Transportation Co., Inc. v. The Public Service Commission, 70 Phil. 221 (1940)

Article VII.        CHAPTER IV

Article VIII.      THE 1987 CONSTITUTION

4.1.    BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKDROP

4.2.    MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION

4.3.    THE PREAMBLE

1.          Meaning and function of the Preamble

  • Cadimas v. Carrion, GR 180394, Sep. 29, 2008, 567 SCRA 101
    • People v. Manahan, GR 138924, Aug. 5, 2003, 408 SCRA 255
    • Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR 132601, Resolution dated Jan. 19, 1999

1.          Preamble of the 1987 Constitution

2.          Preamble shows Constitution as a social contract between the people and the government

3.          Patrimony construed

  • Manila Prince Hotel v. Government Service Insurance System, GR 122156. Feb. 3, 1997, 267 SCRA 408-

1.          Meaning of the phrase “imploring the aid of Almighty God” 

  • Imbong v. Ochoa Jr., GR 207563. Apr. 8, 2014, 721 SCRA 146

4.4.    ARTICLE I: NATIONAL TERRITORY

1.          Scope of Philippine territory

2.          Philippine archipelago

3.          Treaty of Paris as key reference in definition of national territory

  • Magallona v. Ermita GR 187167. Aug. 16, 2011, 655 SCRA 476

4.          Phrase “all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction” construed

5.          Archipelagic principle

6.          Territorial waters or territorial sea

  • Arigo v. Swift, GR 206510, Sep. 16, 2014

7.          Seabed, subsoil, insular shelves, and other submarine areas

8.          Internal waters or archipelagic

4.5.    ARTICLE II: DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

1.          Principles and State Policies in Article II of the Constitution

2.          Principles under Article II not intended to be self-executing

  • Tañada v. Angara, GR 118295. May 2, 1997, 272 SCRA 18
    • Kilosbayan, Incorporated v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540, July 17, 1995.

4.5.1.              SECTION 1, ARTICLE II: The Philippines as a democratic and republican State

1.          Democratic State

2.          State as a concept of political science and public law

3.          Elements of a State

4.          Population

5.          Population of the Philippines

6.          Territory and Territoriality principle

7.          Territory of the Philippines

8.          Philippines’ territorial claims

9.          Government distinguished from administration

10.      Functions of government

  • Social Security System Employees Association v. Soriano, GR L-18081. Apr. 30, 1963, 7 SCRA 1016

11.      Classes of government according to legitimacy

  • Etorma v. Ravelo, GR L-718. Mar. 24, 1947, 78 Phil. 145
    • Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh, GR L-5. Sep. 17, 1945, 75 Phil. 113

12.      Kinds of de facto government

13.      Government of the Philippines

14.      Sovereignty or imperium vis-à-vis dominium

  • Sep. Op., Kapunan, J., in Cruz v. Sec. of ENR, GR 135385, Dec. 6, 2000, 347 SCRA 128
    • Dis. Op. of J. Brion in Poe-Llamanzares v. COMELEC, GR 221697, Mar. 8, 2016, 786 SCRA 1

15.      Concept of sovereignty

16.      Types of sovereignty

17.      Characteristics of sovereignty

18.      Change of sovereignty; effects

·       Roa v. Collector of Customs, GR L-7011. Oct. 30, 1912, 23 Phil. 315

19.      Principle of jus postliminium

20.      Act of State

  • Peralta v. Director of Prisons, GR L-49. Nov. 12, 1945
    • PCGG v. Sandiganbayan, GR 124772, Aug. 14, 2007, 530 SCRA 13

21.      State’s immunity from suit

22.      Rationale for the doctrine of State immunity from suit

  • Department of Agriculture v. NLRC, GR 104269. Nov. 11, 1993, 227 SCRA 693
    • Republic v. Sandoval, GR 84607. Mar. 19, 1993, 220 SCRA 124

23.      Exceptions to the doctrine pf State immunity

  • Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 90478. Nov. 21, 1991 204 SCRA 212

24.      Non-executability of judgment against the State

  • United States of America v. Reyes, GR 79253. Mar. 1, 1993, 219 SCRA 192

25.      Acta acts jure imperii and acta jure gestionis 

US v. Ruiz. GR L-35645. May 22, 1985, 136 SCRA 487

26.      Sovereign or diplomatic immunity may be invoked in a foreign suit

  • The Holy See v. Rosario Jr., GR 101949. Dec. 1, 1994, 228 SCRA 524

27.      Limitation on State’s sovereign rights

  • Reagan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, GR L-26379. Dec. 27, 1969, 30 SCRA 968

28.      Sovereignty of the Philippines

29.      Sovereignty vis-à-vis sovereign rights

30.      International recognition

31.      Theories in recognition of State

32.      Effects of recognition

33.      Modes of recognition

4.5.2.              SECTION 2, ARTICLE II: Renunciation of war as instrument of national policy and adoption of generally accepted principles of international law

1.          Renunciation of war as instrument of national policy

2.          Methods of adopting generally accepted principles of international law as part of land’s law

3.          Doctrine of incorporation

  • Kuroda v. Jalandoni, GR L-2662. Mar. 26, 1949, 83 Phil., 171

4.          Treaties and International Agreements construed

5.          Doctrine of transformation

  • Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association of the Philippines v. Duque III, GR 173034. Oct. 9, 2007, 535 SCRA 265

6.          What generally accepted principles of international law include

  • Mijares v. Ranada, GR 139325, Apr. 12, 2005, 455 SCRA 397

7.          Customary international law; elements

8.          Enforceability of customary law

9.          Adherence to policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations

  • Bayan Muna v. Romulo, GR 159618. Feb. 1, 2011, 641 SCRA 244

4.5.3.              SECTION 3, ARTICLE II: Supremacy of civilian authority over military

1.          Civilian President as supreme military leader

  • Kulayan v. Tan, GR 187298. July 3, 2012, 675 SCRA 482

2.          Commander-in-Chief or calling-out powers

  • Lagman v. Medialdea, GR 231658. July 4, 2017, 829 SCRA 1

4.5.4.              SECTION 4, ARTICLE II: Citizens’ rendition of personal, military, or civil service

  1. Citizen’s personal, military, or civil service
  2. Subjects of conscriptionor compulsory military service
    1. Laurel v. Misa, GR L-409, Jan. 30, 1947, 77 Phil. 856
    1. Parreño v. COA, GR 162224 June 7, 2007, 523 SCRA 390
  3. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)

4.5.5.              SECTION 5, ARTICLE II: Essentials for enjoyment by all of democracy’s blessings

4.5.6.              SECTION 6, ARTICLE II: Inviolability of separation of Church and State

  1. Free exercise of religious faith
    1. Amari v. Villaflor, Jr., GR 224521, Feb. 17, 2020
      1. Reason for the doctrine
    1. Aglipay v. Ruiz, 64 Phil. 201 (1937)
    1. Peralta v. Philippine Postal Corporation (PhilPost), GR 223395. Dec. 4, 2018, 887 SCRA 714
      1. Prohibition against use of public funds for religious purposes
      1. State prohibited from interfering in purely ecclesiastical affairs and Church from meddling in purely secular matters
    1. Pasay City Alliance Church v. Benito, GR 226908. Nov. 28, 2019, 926 SCRA 555
      1. Church annulment of marriage not binding upon the State
    1. Tilar v. Tilar, GR 214529. July 12, 2017, 831 SCRA 116
      1. Separation of Church and State not contrary to freedom of religion
    1. Re: Letter of Tony Q. Valenciano, Holding of Religious Rituals at the Hall of Justice Building in Quezon City, AM 10-4-19-SC. Mar. 7, 2017, 819 SCRA 313
      1. Religion clauses in the Philippine context
    1. Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, GR L-25246, Sep. 12, 1974, 59 SCRA 54
    1. Estrada v. Escritor, AM P-02-1651. Aug. 4, 2003
      1. Kinds of accommodation under the religion clauses
  2. Benevolent neutrality or accommodation

4.5.7.              SECTION 7, ARTICLE II: Independent foreign policy

  1. Matter of foreign policy Constitutional provisions and basic law on foreign policyPresident as chief architect of foreign policy
    1. Pimentel, Jr. v. Office of the Executive Secretary, GR 158088. July 6, 2005, 462 SCRA 622

4.5.8.              SECTION 8, ARTICLE II: Policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory; a limitation on the President’s treaty-making power

4.5.9.              SECTION 9, ARTICLE II: Policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, raising standard of living, and improved quality of life for all

4.5.10.          SECTION 10, ARTICLE II: Promotion of social justice in all phases of national development

1.          Social justice defined

  • J. Laurel in Calalang v. Williams, GR 47800, Dec. 2, 1940, 70 Phil. 726

2.          Social legislation to promote social justice

4.5.11.          SECTION 11, ARTICLE II: Valuing dignity of every human person and guaranteeing full respect for human rights

1.          Value of human dignity and human rights

2.          State values the dignity of women and children

3.          State guarantees full respect for human rights

4.5.12.          SECTION 12, ARTICLE II: Recognition of sanctity of family life, protection of the lives of the mother and the unborn, and right and duty of parents in rearing the youth

  1. State policies on family and marriage
    1. Azcueta v. Republic, GR 180668, May 26, 2009, 588 SCRA 196, citing Ancheta v. Ancheta, GR 145370, Mar. 4, 2004, 424 SCRA 725
      1. Abortion criminalized to protect the lives of the mother and the unborn

4.5.13.          SECTION 13, ARTICLE II: Recognition of the vital role of youth in nation-building

  1. State policy on youth
    1. Soriano v. Laguardia, GR 164785. Apr. 29, 2009, 587 SCRA 79
      1. Youth in Nation-Building Act
      1. Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act

4.5.14.          SECTION 14, ARTICLE II: Recognition of role of women in nation-building

  1. State policy on womenRights of working womenConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)Women in Development and Nation Building ActViolence Against Women And Their Children (VAWC) Act
    1. Garcia v. Drilon, GR 179267. June 25, 2013, 699 SCRA 352
      1. Magna Carta of Women

4.5.15.          SECTION 15, ARTICLE II: Protection and promotion-n of right to health

  1. State policy on healthUniversal Health Care Act (UHCA)National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)Universally accessible cheaper and quality medicines

4.5.16.          SECTION 16, ARTICLE II: Protection and advancement of the right to balanced and healthful ecology

  1. State policy on environment
    1. Oposa v. Factoran, Jr., GR 101083. July 30, 1993, 224 SCRA 792
    1. Cordillera Global Network v. Paje, GR 215988. Apr. 10, 2019, 901 SCRA 261
      1. Intergenerational responsibility and enforceability of environmental rights
      1. Legal standing to sue for enforcement of environmental rights
    1. Bersamin, J.: Sep. Op., Biraogo v. Phil. Truth Commission of 2010, GR 192935, Dec. 7, 2010, 637 SCRA 78
    1. MMDA v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, GR 171947–48, Feb. 15, 2011, 643 SCRA 90
      1. Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases (RPEC)

4.5.17.          SECTION 17, ARTICLE II: Priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports

  1. State policies on education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports Return of Good Manners and Right Conduct (GMRC) and Values Education as core subjects in K-12 curriculumEqual opportunity to quality tertiary education in all educational institutionsScience and technology education scholarshipArts and cultureNational Commission for the Culture and the ArtsNational cultural heritageSportsPhilippine Sports Commission (PSC) as agency responsible for coordinating all amateur sports developmentNational Athletes and Coaches Benefits and Incentives ActNational Academy of Sports System for student athletes

4.5.18.          SECTION 18, ARTICLE II: Protection of workers’ rights and promotion of their welfare

  1. State policy on labor
    1. Philippine Geothermal, Inc. Employees Union v. Unocal Philippines, Inc. (now known as Chevron Geothermal Philippines Holdings, Inc.), GR 190187. Sep. 28, 2016, 804 SCRA 286
      1. Employment contract or contract of service is not an ordinary agreement but is imbued with public interest
    1. J. Brion, Dis. Op. in Bank of the Philippine Islands v. BPI Employees Union-Davao Chapter-Federation of Unions in BPI Unibank 627 SCRA 590 (2010)
      1. Relations between workers and employers
    1. Serrano v. National Labor Relations Commission, GR 117040. Jan. 27, 2000, 323 SCRA 445
      1. International Conventions on principles and rights at work

4.5.19.          SECTION 19, ARTICLE II: Self-reliant and independent national economy controlled by Filipinos

  1. State policy on national economyExtent of Filipino control
    1. Espina v. Zamora, Jr., GR 143855 Sep. 21, 2010, 631 SCRA 17

4.5.20.          SECTION 20, ARTICLE II: Encouragement of private enterprise and provision of incentives to needed investments

  1. State policy on private sectorPublic-Private PartnershipPrivate sector in economic zones

4.5.21.          SECTION 21, ARTICLE II: Promotion of comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform

  1. State policy on agrarian reformComprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)Key components of CARLProblems encountered in CARL implementationAchievements under CARPERExpiration of CARL

4.5.22.          SECTION 22, ARTICLE II: Recognition and promotion of rights of indigenous cultural communities

  1. State policy on indigenous cultural communitiesIndigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997Concept of ancestral lands or domainsIndigenous concept of ownershipRecognition of ancestral domain rightsOther rights of ICCs/IPs

4.5.23.          SECTION 23, ARTICLE II: Encouragement of non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations

  1. State policy on non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizationsNGOs’ role in local governanceNGO distinguished from CSO

4.5.24.          SECTION 24, ARTICLE II: Recognition of vital role of communication and information in nation-building

  1. State policy on communication and informationDepartment of Information and Communications Technology Act of 2015

4.5.25.          SECTION 25, ARTICLE II: Ensuring autonomy of local governments

  1. State policy on local governmentsLocal government Code of 1991Local government units
    1. Bagabuyo v. COMELEC, GR 176970, Dec. 8, 2008, 573 SCRA 290
      1. Salient features of the LGC
    1. Mandanas case [GR 199802 / GR 208488. Apr. 10, 2019
      1. Autonomous regions

4.5.26.          SECTION 26, ARTICLE II: Guaranteeing equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibition of political dynasties

  1. State policies on public service and political dynastiesAnti-political dynasty provision mere guide for Congress
    1. Pamatong v. COMELEC, GR 161872, Apr. 13, 2004, 427 SCRA 96
    1. Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr., GR 208566. Nov. 19, 2013, 710 SCRA 1
      1. Anti-political dynasty provision in SK Reform law

4.5.27.          SECTION 27, ARTICLE II: Maintaining honesty and integrity in public service and taking measures against graft and corruption

  1. State policy on honesty and integrity in public serviceOmbudsman
    1. Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan, 160 SCRA 843 (1988);
    1. Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248 SCRA 566 (1995)
      1. Sandiganbayan

4.5.28.          SECTION 28, ARTICLE II: Policy of full public disclosure of all transactions involving public interest

  • Legaspi v. Civil Service Commission, GR 72119, May 29, 1987,150 SCRA 530

4.6.    ARTICLE VI: THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

4.6.1.              SECTION 1, ARTICLE VI: Legislative power vested in Congress

  1. Legislative power vested in Congress
    1. SBMA v. COMELEC, GR 125416, Sep. 26, 1996, 262 SCRA 492
      1. Classifications of legislative power
      1. Legislative power directly exercised by the people
      1. Scope of legislative power
    1. Vera v. Avelino, GR L-543. Aug. 31, 1946, 77 Phil. 192
      1. Limitations on the legislative power of Congress
      1. Non-delegability of legislative power
    1. Defensor-Santiago v. Commission on Elections, GR 127325, Mar. 19, 1997, 270 SCRA 106
    1. People v. Rosenthal, GR 46076 & 46077, June 12, 1939, 68 Phil. 328
    1. Gerochi v. Department of Energy, 554 Phil. 563 (2007)
    1. People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56 (1937) 
      1. Rule on non-delegation of legislative power
      1. Powers that Congress is barred from delegating
    1. Abakada Guro Party List v. Ermita, GR 168056. Sep. 1, 2005, 469 SCRA 14
      1. Limitations or exceptions to rule on non-delegation of legislative power
      1. Test to determine existence of undue delegation
      1. When is there no undue delegation of legislative power?
    1. Compañia General de Tabacos de Filipinas v. The Board of Public Utility Commissioners, GR 11216, 34 Phil. 136
      1. Recognized limitations or exceptions to prohibition on delegation of legislative powers
      1. Permissible delegation of legislative power
    1. Lagman v. Pichay, GR 197422, Nov. 03, 2020
      1. When contingent legislation may be issued by the executive branch
      1. Power of subordinate legislation or quasi-legislative power
      1. Contemporaneous construction by officers of the rules they promulgated accorded great weight by the court
    1. Adasa v. Abalos, GR 168617. Feb. 19, 2007, 516 SCRA 261
      1. Administrative rules issued pursuant to delegated power have legal force and effect
      1. Requisites for valid delegation of rule-making power
    1. , GR L-23825. Dec. 24, 1965, 15 SCRA 569
      1. Tests to ascertain the validity of delegation
      1. Accepted sufficient standards
    1. People v. Rosenthal, 68 Phil. 328
    1. Antamok Gold Fields v. CIR, 70 Phil. 340
    1. Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726
    1. Cervantes v. Auditor General, 91 Phil. 359
      1. Cases involving invalid delegation
    1. Cia. Gral. de Tabacos v. Board of Public Utility., GR 11216. Mar. 6, 1916
    1. US v. Ang Tang Ho, GR 17122. Feb. 27, 1922, 43 Phil. 1
    1. People v. Dacuycuy, GR 45127. May 5, 1989, 173 SCRA 90
      1. Legislative powers of Congress
      1. Non-legislative powers and functions of Congress

4.6.2.              SECTIONS 2 TO 7, ARTICLE VI: Composition of Congress; membership and terms of office

  1. Organization of CongressCongressional Districts; apportionment and reapportionment
    1. Tobias v. Abalos, GR 114783. Dec. 8, 1994, 239 SCRA 106
      1. Legislative apportionment
    1. Mariano, Jr. v. COMELEC, GR 118577. Mar. 7, 1995, 242 SCRA 211
      1. Rules of legislative apportionment
      1. Equality of representation
      1. Gerrymandering
    1. Conc. and Dis. Op. of J. Carpio-Morales in Aquino III v. COMELEC, GR 189793, Apr. 7, 2010, 617 SCRA 623
    1. Tobias v. Abalos, GR 114783, Dec. 8, 1994, 239 SCRA 106
    1. Ceniza v. COMELEC, GR L-52304, Jan. 28, 1980, 95 SCRA 763
      1. Qualifications for Senator
      1. Qualifications for Member of the House of Representatives
      1. Qualifications for Party-List Nominee
      1. Residency qualification of candidate
    1. Aquino v. Commission on Elections, GR 120265. Sep. 18, 1995, 248 SCRA 400
    1. Gallego v. Vera, GR 48641, Nov. 24, 1941, 73 Phil. 453
    1. Aquino v. Commission on Elections, GR 120265. Sep. 18, 1995, 248 SCRA 400
      1. Residence and domicile construed
    1. Romualdez v. RTC, Br. 7, Tacloban City, GR 104960. Sep. 14, 1993
      1. Rules on residence or domicile
      1. Change of domicile; how effected
    1. Co v. Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representatives, GR 92191-92. July 30, 1991, 199 SCRA 692
      1. Party-list system
      1. Requirement of registration of political party, organized group of under the party-list system
      1. Party-list representative
      1. Nominations of party-list representatives
      1. Persons excluded from list of nominees
      1. Change of names or alteration of order of nominees
      1. Nominated incumbent party-list representatives in Congress need not resign
      1. Allocation of party-list seats among the winning parties
    1. Veterans Federation Party v. COMELEC, 396 Phil. 419 (2000)
      1. Parameters for allocation of party-list seats
      1. Formula for computing the number of party-list seats available
    1. BANAT V. COMELEC, GR 179271, Apr. 21, 2009
      1. Procedure for allocation of party-list seats
      1. Ranking of participating parties in the party-list election
      1. First round of seat allocation; “two-percenters” guaranteed a seat each
      1. First round of seat allocation
      1. Computation for the guaranteed seat
      1. Procedure in computation of additional seats
      1. Application of three-seat limit
      1. Elections for members of Congress and other officials

4.6.3.              SECTION 8, ARTICLE VI: Synchronized national and local elections every second Monday of May once every three (3) years

4.6.4.              SECTION 9, ARTICLE VI: Special elections for members of Congress

  1. Special election for vacant postsTerm and tenure construed
    1. Valle Verde Country Club, Inc. v. Africa, GR 151969. Sep. 4, 2009, 598 SCRA 195
      1. Three-term limit rule for members of the Lower House
      1. What the Constitution bars is a fourth consecutive term
    1. Socrates v. COMELEC, GR 154512. Nov. 12, 2002, 391 SCRA 457
      1. Voluntary renunciation of office
    1. Abundo, Sr. v. COMELEC, GR 201716. Jan. 8, 2013, 688 SCRA 149
      1. Interruption of a term and involuntary loss of title to office
    1. Aldovino, Jr. v. COMELEC, GR 184836. Dec. 23, 2009, 609 SCRA 234
    1. Montebon v. COMELEC, GR 180444. Apr. 9, 2008, 551 SCRA 50

4.6.5.              SECTION 10, ARTICLE VI: Salaries of Senators and Members of the House of Representatives

4.6.6.              SECTION 11, ARTICLE VI: Parliamentary Immunities of Members of Congress; privilege from arrest

  1. Privilege from arrest of Members of Congress
    1. Vera v. Avelino GR L-543. Aug. 31, 1946, 77 Phil. 192
    1. Gonzaga-Reyes, J., Conc. Op. in People v. Jalosjos, GR. 132875-76. Feb. 3, 2000, 324 SCRA 689
    1. Osmeña, Jr. v. Pendatun, GR L-17144. Oct. 28, 1960, 109 Phil. 863
      1. Privilege speech or utterance
    1. Vera v. Avelino, 77 Phil. 192
    1. Jimenez v. Cabangbang, GR L-15905. Aug. 3, 1966, 17 SCRA 876

4.6.7.              SECTION 12, ARTICLE VI: Duty of Members of Congress to disclose financial and business interests

4.6.8.              SECTION 13, ARTICLE VI: Incompatible and forbidden offices

  1. Incompatible office
  2. Exceptions to the rule on incompatible office
    1. Liban v. Gordon, GR 175352. July 15, 2009, 593 SCRA 68
  3. Forbidden office

4.6.9.              SECTION 14, ARTICLE VI: Prohibition against practice of law, financial interest in government contracts, and intervention for pecuniary benefit

1.          Senators and Representatives not allowed to practice law

2.          Post-enactment authority to Members of Congress under Pork Barrel System held as unconstitutional

  • Lawyers Against Monopoly and Poverty (LAMP) v. Sec. of Budget and Management, GR 164987, Apr. 24, 2012, 670 SCRA 373

3.          Conflicts of interest and undue influence

  • Mangahas v. Brobio, GR 183852. Oct. 20, 2010, 634 SCRA 351

4.6.10.          SECTION 15, ARTICLE VI: Sessions of Congress

4.6.11.          SECTION 16, ARTICLE VI: Internal government of Congress

  1. Houses of Congress and their members Elective non-member officersQuorum
    1. Javellana v. Tayo, GR L-18919, Dec. 29, 1962, 6 SCRA 1042
    1. Perez v. De la Cruz, 27 SCRA 587, No. L-29458 March 28, 1969

4.          Rules of proceedings

5.          Nature of internal rules

6.          Types of legislative measures

7.          Bills

8.          Resolutions

9.          Simple Resolutions

10.      Joint Resolutions

11.      Concurrent Resolutions

12.      Disciplinary power of Congress

13.      Journal of legislative proceedings

  • Tolentino v. Sec. of Finance, GR 115455, Aug. 25, 1994, 235 SCRA 630
    • Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, GR L-1123. Mar. 5, 1947, 78 Phil., 1
    • Arroyo v. De Venecia, GR 127255. Aug. 14, 1997, 277 SCRA 268

14.      Congressional Record

15.      Enrolled bill

16.      Adjournment; Consent of both Houses as to period and place of meeting

4.6.12.          SECTION 17, ARTICLE VI: Electoral Tribunals

1.          Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET)

2.          Jurisdiction of SET

3.          SET Divisions

4.          Election contest before SET; how Initiated

5.          Election protest

6.          Election protest based on manifest error

7.          Quo Warranto petition

8.          Votes required

9.          House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET)

10.      Jurisdiction of HRET

11.      Election contests before HRET; how initiated

12.      Election protest; who may file

13.      Quo Warranto petition

14.      Ad cautelam cases

15.      Votes required

4.6.13.          SECTION 18, ARTICLE VI: Commission on Appointments

  1. Commission on Appointments and its functions
    1. Cunanan v. Tan, GR L-19721. May 10, 1962, 5 SCRA 1
      1. Composition of the Commission
      1. Officers whose appointment is subject to confirmation by Commission
    1. Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369. Aug. 11, 1999, 312 SCRA 239
    1. Soriano III v. Lista, GR 153881. Mar. 24, 2003, 399 SCRA 437
      1. Appointment process
      1. Kinds of presidential appointments
      1. Ad interim appointments
    1. Marohombsar v. Alonto, Jr., GR 93711, Feb. 25, 1991, 194 SCRA 390
    1. Summers v. Ozaeta, GR L-1534. Oct. 25, 1948, 81 Phil. 754
      1. By-passed nomination or appointment
    1. Matibag v. Benipayo GR 149036. Apr. 2, 2002, 380 SCRA 49
      1. Appointments in acting capacity
    1. Pimentel, Jr. v. Ermita, GR 164978. Oct. 13, 2005, 472 SCRA 587
      1. Nomination by the President
      1. Quorum of the Commission
      1. Votation
      1. Actions by Commission on nomination or appointment

4.6.14.          SECTION 19, ARTICLE VI: Electoral Tribunals and CA; when constituted

4.6.15.          SECTION 20, ARTICLE VI: Records and books of accounts of Congress

4.6.16.          SECTION 21, ARTICLE VI: Inquiries in aid of legislation

  1. Scope of inquiries
    1. Arnault v. Nazareno, GR L-3820. July 18, 1950, 87 Phil. 29
  2. Safeguards against abuses
    1. Senate v. Ermita, GR 169777. Apr. 20, 2006, 488 SCRA 1
  3. Executive privilege
    1. Almonte v. Vasquez, GR 95367, May 23, 1995, 244 SCRA 286
  4. Nature and scope of executive privilege
    1. Chavez v. PEA, GR 133250. May 6, 2003, 403 SCRA 1
    1. Chavez v. PCGG, GR 130716. Dec. 9, 1998, 299 SCRA 744

4.6.17.          SECTION 22, ARTICLE VI: Question hour

  1. Question hour for Cabinet MembersAdvanced written questionsOversight functions of CongressOversight over actions of the executive branchModalities of oversight

4.6.18.          SECTION 23, ARTICLE VI: Power to declare state of war and to delegate emergency powers

  1. Declaration of state of war
  2. Delegation of emergency powers

4.6.19.          SECTION 24, ARTICLE VI: Original filing of certain bills exclusively in the Lower House

  • ABS-CBN, v. National Telecommunications, GR 252119. Aug. 25, 2020

4.6.20.          SECTION 25, ARTICLE VI: Power of Congress over appropriations

1.          Spending power or “power of the purse”

  • Philippine Constitution Association v. Enriquez, GR 113105. Aug. 19, 1994, 235 SCRA 506

2.          Inappropriate provision

3.          Uniform procedure for budget approval

4.          Special appropriations bill

5.          Power to augment items in an appropriation

6.          Requisites for a valid transfer of appropriated funds

  • Araullo v. Aquino III, GR 209569. July 1, 2014, 728 SCRA 1

7.          Discretionary funds

8.          Reenacted budget 

4.6.21.          SECTION 26, ARTICLE VI: One subject-one title and three-reading, three-day distribution rules

1.          One subject – one title rule

  • Sumulong v. COMELEC, GR 48609. Oct. 10, 1941, 73 Phil. 288
    • Lidasan v. COMELEC, GR L-28089. Oct. 25, 1967, 21 SCRA 496

2.          Three-reading, three-day distribution rule

3.          Twin purpose of three-reading rule

4.6.22.          SECTION 27, ARTICLE VI: How a bill becomes a law

  1. The legislative processFiling of the bill3.          First reading4.          Committee consideration and action5.          Second reading6.          Third reading7.          Transmittal of the approved bill to the other House
  1. Transmittal of the enrolled bill to the President11.      Action by Congress on the bill approved and signed by the President12.      Action by Congress on the bill vetoed by the PresidentVeto power of the President

4.6.23.          SECTION 28, ARTICLE VI: Rule of uniformity and equity in taxation

  1. Uniformity and equity in taxation
    1. Churchill v. Concepcion, GR 11572. Sep. 22, 1916, 34 Phil. 969
      1. Types of equity in taxation
      1. Theories in equity in taxation
      1. Progressive system of taxation
      1. Tariff powers of Congress delegated to the President
      1. Tax exemptions
    1. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals, GR 124043. Oct. 14, 1998, 298 SCRA 83
    1. Lung Center of the Philippines v. Quezon City, GR 144104. June 29, 2004, 433 SCRA 119
      1. Vote requirement for validity of law granting tax exemption
      1. 8.          Strictissimi juris construction of tax exemptions
    1. Province of Tarlac v. Alcantara, GR 65230, Dec. 23, 1992, 216 SCRA 790

4.6.24.          SECTION 29, ARTICLE VI: Limitations on appropriation and use of public money or property

  1. No money to be paid from treasury without statutory authorityPhrase “appropriation made by law” construed
    1. Guingona, Jr. v. Carague, GR 94571. Apr. 22, 1991, 196 SCRA 221
      1. Form of Congressional budget authorization
      1. Government budgeting process
      1. Impoundment
      1. Ban on use of public money or property for religious purposes
    1. Aglipay v. Ruiz, GR 45459. Mar. 13, 1937, 64 Phil. 201
      1. Exception to the prohibition
      1. General and special funds
    1. Gaston v. Republic Planters Bank, GR L-77194. Mar. 15, 1988, 158 SCRA 626

4.6.25.          SECTION 30, ARTICLE VI: Prohibition on legislation increasing Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction without its assent

  • First Lepanto Ceramics, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, GR 110571. Mar. 10, 1994, 231 SCRA 30

4.6.26.          SECTION 31, ARTICLE VI: Prohibition on legislative grant of title of royalty or nobility

  1. Congress barred from passing laws conferring titles of nobility or royaltyRationale for the prohibition

4.6.27.          SECTION 32, ARTICLE VI: System of initiative and referendum

  1. People empowered to directly propose amendments to the Constitution or pass national and local lawsNature of power
    1. Marmeto v. COMELEC, GR 213953. Sep. 26, 2017, 840 SCRA 581
      1. Republic Act No. 6735 and its implementing rules and regulations
      1. Initiative
      1. Referendum
      1. Who may exercise the power of initiative and referendum?
      1. Requirements for the exercise of the power
      1. Contents and form of the petition
      1. Initiative on amendments to the Constitution
    1. Santiago v. COMELEC, GR 127325. Mar. 19, 1997, 270 SCRA 106
      1. Full text of proposed Constitutional amendment must be embodied in the petition
    1. Lambino v. COMELEC, GR 174153, Oct. 25, 2006, 505 SCRA 160

4.7.    ARTICLE VII: THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

4.7.1               SECTION 1, ARTICLE VII: Executive power vested in the President

  1. Executive power of the President
    1. Ople v. Torres, GR 127685. July 23, 1998, 293 SCRA 141
      1. Different roles of the President

4.7.2               SECTION 2, ARTICLE VII: Qualifications for President

  1. Qualifications for PresidentNatural-born Filipino citizen

4.7.3               SECTION 3, ARTICLE VII: Qualifications for Vice-President

4.7.4               SECTION 4, ARTICLE VII: Election of President and Vice-President

  1. Date of election
  2. Canvassing of votes
  3. Congressional action in case of tie
  4. Rules for canvassing
  5. Terms of office and reelection
  6. Resolution of electoral contests
  7. Election contest before PET; how initiated
  8. Election protest
  9. Quo warranto petition
  10. Contents of election protest
  11. Contents of Quo Warranto petition
  12. Votes required
  13. PET’s procedure in deciding contests

4.7.5               SECTION 5, ARTICLE VII: Oath or affirmation

  1. Significance of an oath or affirmationEffect of failure to take oath or affirmation

4.7.6               SECTION 6, ARTICLE VII: Official residence of the President; Salaries and other entitlements of the President and Vice-President

  1. Official residence of the PresidentSalaries and other entitlements of the President and Vice-President

4.7.7               SECTION 7, ARTICLE VII: Presidential line of succession

  1. Assumption of office by the President-elect and the Vice-President-electRule in case of disqualification of President-electRule in case President not chosenRule where President-elect dies or becomes permanently disabled at the beginning of termRule where no President-elect and Vice-President-elect were chosen or have qualified or where both have died or become permanently during their terms of officeManner of selecting Acting President in case of the death, permanent disability, or inability of Senate President and Speaker of the House

4.7.8               SECTION 8, ARTICLE VII: Rules in case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the President, or of both the President and Vice-President, or of the Acting President

  1. Rule in case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the President
  2. Estrada v. Desierto, GR 146710-15. Mar. 2, 2001, 353 SCRA 452
  3. Rule in case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of both the President and Vice-President
  4. Legislative remedy in case of death, permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting President

4.7.9               SECTION 9, ARTICLE VII: Manner of filling up vacancy in Vice-President’s post

4.7.10            SECTION 10, ARTICLE VII: Congressional action in case of vacancy in offices of President and Vice-President

  1. Congress must convene to pass a law calling for special election
  2. Appropriations for special election
  3. Proscription against suspension of convening of Congress and postponement of special election; exception

4.7.11            SECTION 11, ARTICLE VII: Inability of President to discharge the powers and duties of his office

  1. Written declaration of President’s temporary inability to hold office by President himself
  2. Tañada v. Cuenco, GR L-10520. Feb. 28, 1957, 100 Phil. 1101
  3. Estrada v. Desierto, GR 146710-15. Mar. 2, 2001, 353 SCRA 452
  4. Counter-declaration by majority of occurred President’s Cabinet
  5. Written declaration of President’s temporary inability to hold office by majority of his Cabinet members

4.7.12            SECTION 12, ARTICLE VII: Public disclosure of President’s state of health in case of serious illness and unimpeded access by certain Cabinet members and AFP Chief of Staff to the President in case of such illness

  1. Right of the public to be informed of President’s serious illness
  2. Access by certain Cabinet members and AFP Chief to the President in case of the latter’s serious illness
  3. Serious illness construed

4.7.13            SECTION 13, ARTICLE VII: Prohibition against dual or multiple offices being held by one official and against President’s relatives from holding positions in government

  1. Ban on President, Vice-President, the Members of the Cabinet, and their deputies or assistants from holding any other office or employment during their tenure
  2. Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, GR 83896. Feb. 22, 1991, 194 SCRA 317
  3. Funa v. Ermita, GR 184740. Feb. 11, 2010, 612 SCRA 308
  4. Phrase “unless otherwise provided in this Constitution” construed
  5. Funa v. Agra, GR 191644. Feb. 19, 2013, 691 SCRA 196
  6. Ex officio capacity explained
  7. Prohibition on President’s relatives from holding government posts
  8. People v. Berana, GR 123544, July 29, 1999, 311 SCRA 664

4.7.14            SECTION 14, ARTICLE VII: Effectivity of appointments made by Acting President

  1. Power of elected President to revoke appointments made by Acting President
  2. Application of provision only to appointments in the Executive Department and not to those in the Judiciary

4.7.15            SECTION 15, ARTICLE VII: Prohibition on midnight appointments

  1. Midnight appointments defined
  2. Aytona v. Castillo, GR L-19313, Jan. 19, 1962, 4 SCRA 1
  3. Prohibition not applicable to appointments in the Judiciary
  4. Rationale for the prohibition
  5. The Provincial Government of Aurora v. Marco, GR 202331. Apr. 22, 2015, 757 SCRA 222

4.7.16            SECTION 16, ARTICLE VII: Power of appointment of the President

  1. Officers the President may nominate and appoint with consent of Commission on Appointments
  2. Sarmiento III v. Mison, GR L-79974. Dec. 17, 1987, 156 SCRA 549
  3. Calderon v. Carale, GR 91636. Apr. 23, 1992, 208 SCRA 254
  4. “Other officers” construed
  5. Power of the President to make ad interim appointments
  6. Presidential appointments made when Congress is in session and when it is in recess
  7. Pacete v. The Sec. of the Commission on Appointments, GR L-25895. July 23, 1971, 40 SCRA 58
  8. Effectivity and duration of ad interim appointments

4.7.17            SECTION 17, ARTICLE VII: President’s control of all executive departments, bureaus, and offices and duty to take care that laws are faithfully executed

  1. President’s control of all executive departments, bureaus, and offices
  2. De Leon v. Carpio, GR 85243. Oct. 12, 1989, 178 SCRA 457
  3. Villena v. Secretary of the Interior. GR 46570. Apr. 21, 1939, 67 Phil. 451
  4. National Electrification Administration v. Commission on Audit, , GR 143481. Feb. 15, 2002, 377 SCRA 223
  5. Power of the President to reorganize the bureaucracy
  6. Domingo v. Zamora, GR 142283. Feb. 6, 2003, 397 SCRA 56
  7. Duty of President to take care that laws are faithfully executed
  8. Planas v. Gil., GR 46440. Jan. 18, 1939, 67 Phil. 62

4.7.18            SECTION 18, ARTICLE VII: Military powers of the President

  1. Commander-in-chief clause
  2. Kulayan v. Tan, GR 187298. July -3, 2012, 675 SCRA 482
  3. President’s calling out power
  4. President’s power to declare state of martial law
  5. Privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
  6. Nava v. Gatmaitan, GR L-4855, Oct. 11, 1951, 90 Phil. 172
  7. Rebellion as ground for President’s exercise of martial law and suspension of writ powers
  8. Lagman v. Medialdea, GR 231658. July 4, 2017, 829 SCRA 1
  9. President’s duty to report to Congress
  10. Extension of proclamation or suspension
  11. Congress to convene in accord with its rules without any need of call
  12. Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
  13. Lansang v. Garcia, GR L-33964. Dec. 11, 1971, 42 SCRA 448
  14. What constitutes sufficient basis for the declaration of martial law or suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
  15. Lagman v. Medialdea, GR 231658. July 4, 2017, 829 SCRA 1
  16. Effects of state of martial law
  17. Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, GR L-54558 May 22, 1987, 150 SCRA 144
  18. Application of the suspension of the privilege of the writ
  19. Sufficient safeguards against possible misuse and abuse by Commander-in-Chief of his extraordinary martial law powers 

4.7.19            SECTION 19, ARTICLE VII: Power to grant executive clemency or Pardoning power of the President

  1. Acts of executive clemency
  2. Llamas v. Orbos, GR 99031, Oct. 15, 1991, 202 SCRA 844
  • Distinctions between amnesty and pardon
  • People v. Casido, GR 116512. Mar. 7, 1997, 269 SCRA 360

4.7.20            SECTION 20, ARTICLE VII: Borrowing power of the President

  1. Limitations on foreign borrowing powerPower may be exercised by President’s alter ego; exceptions
  2. Carpio v. Exec. Sec., GR 96409, Feb. 14, 1992, 206 SCRA 290
    1. Reportorial duty of the Monetary Board

4.7.21            SECTION 21, ARTICLE VII: Treaty-making power

  1. Treaty-making power and its limitation
  2. Bayan v. Zamora, GR 138570. Oct. 10, 2000, 342 SCRA 449
    1. Treaty-making processPower to withdraw from treaties
  3. Pangilinan v. Cayetano, GR 238875, Mar. 16, 2021

4.7.22            SECTION 22, ARTICLE VII: Budgetary power

  1. The budget proposalExecutive discretion in budget preparation

4.7.23            SECTION 23, ARTICLE VII: Informing power

  1. State of the Nation Address (SONA)

4.7.24            OTHER POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

4.8.    ARTICLE VIII: JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

4.8.1.              SECTION 1, ARTICLE VIII: Judicial power

  1. Judicial power vested in one Congress
  2. Vargas v. Rilloraza, GR L-1612. Feb. 26, 1948, 80 Phil., 297
    1. Scope of judicial powerPower of judicial review
  3. Association of Medical Clinics for Overseas Workers, Inc. (AMCOW) v. GCC Approved Medical Centers Association, Inc., GR 207132, Dec. 06, 2016
    1. Moot and academic case
  4. Quizon v. COMELEC, GR 177927. Feb. 15, 2008, 545 SCRA 635
    1. Political question doctrine
  5. Oposa v. Factoran, Jr., , GR 101083. July 30, 1993, 224 SCRA 792
    1. Grave abuse of discretion
  6. Yu v. Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207. June 15, 2011, 652 SCRA 341
    1. Judicial review as to Constitutionality of a law; requisites
  7. Philippine Constitution Association v. Enriquez, GR 113105. Aug. 19, 1994, 235 SCRA 506
  8. Sotto v. COMELEC, GR L-329. Apr. 16, 1946, 76 Phil. 516
    1. Hierarchy of courts

4.8.2.              SECTION 2, ARTICLE VIII: Limitations on Congress’ power to define, prescribe, and apportion the jurisdiction of courts and to reorganize the Judiciary

4.8.3.              SECTION 3, ARTICLE VIII: Fiscal autonomy of the Judiciary

  1. Fiscal autonomy; scope and extent
  2. Bengzon v. Drilon, GR 103524. Apr. 15, 1992, 208 SCRA 133
    1. Full and timely releases of the Judiciary’s funds

4.8.4.              SECTION 4, ARTICLE VIII: Supreme Court composition; Cases cognizable by Court en banc and division; vote requirement for decision

  1. Composition of the SCFunctions exercised by the SCCourt en bancQuorum of the SC en bancCourt en banc matters and casesCourt divisionsComposition and quorum of a DivisionDivision casesVoting requirementsVacancy in the SCVacancies in lower courts

4.8.5.              SECTION 5, ARTICLE VIII: Specific power of the Supreme Court

  1. Specific powers of the SCOriginal jurisdictionAppellate jurisdictionExclusive original jurisdictionConcurrent original jurisdictionDoctrine of hierarchy of courts
  2. Hinog v. Melicor, GR 140954, 12 Apr. 2005, 455 SCRA 460
  3. Liga ng mga Barangay National v. City Mayor of Manila, GR 154599, Jan. 21, 2004, 420 SCRA 562
    1. Mandatory review of death penalty
  4. People v. Mateo, GR 147678-87. July 7, 2004, 433 SCRA 640
  5. People v. Rocha, GR 173797. Aug. 31, 2007, 531 SCRA 761
    1. Appeal by certiorariOther specific powers of the SCPower to temporarily assign judges Power to change of the venue or place of trial
  6. Ala v. Judge Peras, AM RTJ-11-2283 (Formerly OCA I.P.I. 10-3478-RTJ), Nov. 16, 2011, 660 SCRA 193
  7. People v. Pilotin, GR 35377-78, July 31, 1975, 65 SCRA 635
    1. Rule-making power of the SCTests as to whether the SC rule diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights
  8. Fabian v. Desierto, GR 129742. Sep. 16, 1998, 295 SCRA 470
    1. Power to promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of Constitutional rights Power to promulgate rules concerning admission to the practice of law
  9. In re: Albino Cunanan, 50 Off. Gaz. m, 1617, prom. Mar. 18, 1954
  10. Philippine Lawyer’s Association v. Agrava, GR L-12426. Feb. 16, 1959, 105 Phil. 173
    1. Admission to the practice of law, etc., a judicial functionPower to promulgate rules concerning the Integrated Bar
  11. In the Matter of the Integration of the Bar of the Philippines, Jan. 9, 1973
    1. Compulsory membership in Integrated Bar not violative of freedom of association
  12. Letter of Atty. Cecilio Y. Arevalo, Jr., Requesting Exemption from Payment of IBP Dues, BM 1370. May 9, 2005, 458 SCRA 209
    1. Compulsory payment of dues to Integrated Bar in the nature of regulatory measureAppointing power over court personnel

4.8.6.              SECTION 6, ARTICLE VIII: Power of administrative supervision over all courts and their personnel

  • Maceda v. Vasquez, GR 102781. Apr. 22, 1993, 221 SCRA 464

4.8.7.              SECTION 7, ARTICLE VIII: Qualifications of SC Members and Judges of lower courts

  1. Qualifications of SC Member Qualifications of CA MemberQualifications of Sandiganbayan MemberQualifications of CTA MemberQualifications of Shari’ah High Court MemberQualifications of RTC JudgeQualifications of Shari’ah District Court JudgeQualifications of Judge of first level court (MeTC, MTCC, MTC, and MCTC)Qualifications of Shari’ah District Court JudgePower of Congress to prescribe the qualifications of judges of lower courts

4.8.8.              SECTION 8, ARTICLE VIII: The Judicial and Bar Council (JBC)

  1. Composition of the JBC
  2. Chavez v. JBC, GR 202242. July 17, 2012, 676 SCRA 579
    1. Representative of Congress in the JBC Functions of the JBCOffices subject to the JBC screening and nomination

4.8.9.              SECTION 9, ARTICLE VIII: Appointment of Members of the SC and judges of lower courts

  1. Appointments of Members of Judiciary from list of at least three (3) nominees prepared by the JBCPeriod for filling vacancies in courts

4.8.10.          SECTION 10, ARTICLE VIII: Salaries of Members of the SC and judges of lower courts

4.8.11.          SECTION 11, ARTICLE VIII: Term of office of Members of the Judiciary

  1. Term of Members of the Judiciary fixed by the ConstitutionDisciplinary power of the SC over lower courtsSC Members may be removed by impeachment
  2. Republic v. Sereno, GR 237428. May 11, 2018

4.8.12.          SECTION 12, ARTICLE VIII: Prohibition on designation of Members of the Judiciary to another agency

4.8.13.          SECTION 13, ARTICLE VIII: Conclusions on cases submitted for decision

  1. Conclusions of the SC in a case submitted for decisionActions and decisions of the SC, how reachedPonente or opinion writerDissenting separate or concurring opinion

4.8.14.          SECTION 14, ARTICLE VIII: What court decisions must state

  1. Court decisions must state clearly and distinctly their factual and legal bases
  2. Yao v. Court of Appeals, GR 132428. Oct. 24, 2000, 344 SCRA 202
    1. Refusal of petition for review or denial of motion for reconsideration must state its legal basis
  3. Smith Bell and Company (Phils.), Inc. v. Court of Appeals, GR 56294. May 20, 1991, 197 SCRA 201
  4. Agoy v. Araneta Center, Inc., GR 196358. Mar. 21, 2012, 668 SCRA 883

4.8.15.          SECTION 15, ARTICLE VIII: Mandatory periods for the resolution of cases

  1. Periods for speedy disposition of cases; reckoning pointProvision deemed as directory, not mandatory
  2. Re: Complaint-affidavit of Elvira N. Enalbes, et al., v. Former Chief Justice Teresita J. Leonardo-De Castro [Ret.], relative to GR 203063 and GR 204743, AM 18-11-09-SC, Jan. 22, 2019

4.8.1.              SECTION 16, ARTICLE VIII: Reportorial obligation of SC

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